Understanding the Importance of Fire Doors

Fire doors play a critical role in protecting lives and property by preventing the spread of fire and smoke. In the UK, approximately 3 million fire doors are installed annually. However, a staggering 99% of these doors fail fire safety inspections due to incorrect installation or lack of maintenance. This highlights the need for stringent compliance with fire safety regulations

Fire doors are not just standard doors; they are engineered safety devices designed to withstand extreme heat. Before they can be marketed, they undergo rigorous testing in a controlled furnace environment to ensure they can perform effectively in real fire situations. Even minor installation errors can compromise their effectiveness, putting lives at risk.

The Changing Landscape of Fire Door Regulations

The tragic Grenfell Tower fire in 2017 prompted a thorough review of fire safety regulations in the UK, leading to significant reforms. The Hackitt Review, an independent assessment of building regulations and fire safety, identified several shortcomings and made recommendations to improve fire safety, especially in high-rise residential buildings.

Following the review, the UK government introduced new laws, including the Fire Safety Act and the Building Safety Act, aimed at enhancing fire door safety and holding property owners accountable. These changes have led to increased awareness and stricter requirements for fire door installers to demonstrate competency.

Key Fire Safety Regulations and Responsibilities

The Fire Safety Order 2005 mandates that every non-domestic building must have a designated Responsible Person who is accountable for fire safety. This individual must:

• Conduct a fire risk assessment (FRA).
• Maintain a fire management plan.
• Ensure fire doors and fire protection systems are in working order.

Failure to comply with fire safety laws can result in hefty fines or even imprisonment.

Additionally, Article 17 of the Fire Safety Order requires that fire doors are properly maintained, while Article 18 mandates the appointment of a competent person to oversee fire safety measures.

The Fire Safety Act and New Fire Door Inspection Requirements

The Fire Safety Act 2021, which came into effect in 2023, closed a major loophole in fire door regulations. Previously, individual flat entrance doors were not subject to fire risk assessments, but the new law now requires their inspection.

The Fire Safety (England) Regulations 2022, which became legally binding in January 2023, introduced Regulation 10, requiring:

• Quarterly checks of fire doors in shared areas.
• Annual inspections of flat entrance doors.
• Property managers to use “best endeavours” to gain access to inspect doors.

If tenants refuse access for inspections, landlords and responsible persons must document all attempts to comply with the law, as failure to do so can lead to legal consequences.

Fire Door Installation: Getting It Right

Proper installation is as crucial as the door itself. A fire door must be installed by a competent person who understands the requirements, including:

✅ Using the correct fire-rated frame that matches the door’s certification.
✅ Ensuring certified hinges, locks, and latches are used to maintain fire integrity.
✅ Fitting the door with the correct intumescent and smoke seals.
✅ Checking that the fire door closes completely and latches without obstruction.

A poorly installed fire door will not provide the intended protection, which is why hiring a qualified installer is essential.

Common Fire Door Defects and How to Avoid Them

Many fire doors fail inspections due to common faults. Some of the most frequent issues include:

• Gaps too large or uneven – Fire doors must have a 2-4mm gap around the edges to prevent smoke and fire from spreading.
• Missing or damaged seals – Intumescent seals expand when exposed to heat, sealing gaps in case of fire.
• Faulty door closers – A properly functioning door closer ensures the fire door fully shuts after use.
• Inappropriate modifications – Drilling holes, removing seals, or fitting non-fire-rated ironmongery can make a fire door non-compliant.
• Damage from wear and tear – Over time, doors may warp, crack, or sustain impact damage, reducing their effectiveness.
• Regular maintenance and professional inspections can help identify and rectify these defects before they become safety hazards.

Minimum Fire Door Inspection Standards

Fire door inspections must ensure:

✅ No alterations or damage to glazing or air transfer grilles.
✅ Hinges are undamaged and free from excess oil leakage.
✅ Seals are intact and not deteriorated.
✅ Gaps between the door and frame are 2-4mm.
✅ The door fully closes and latches properly.
✅ No visible wear and tear affecting door performance.

Conclusion

Fire doors are an essential component of fire safety, protecting lives and property by preventing the spread of fire and smoke. However, their effectiveness relies on correct installation, regular maintenance, and strict compliance with fire safety regulations. With increasing legal requirements, it is more important than ever for property owners, landlords, and building managers to ensure their fire doors meet all safety standards.

Regular inspections, proper installation, and addressing common defects can make a significant difference in fire safety. By taking these steps, you not only comply with the law but also contribute to a safer living and working environment for everyone.

Need Fire Door Fitters in London? If you need expert fire door installation our team of third party approved fire door fitters are here to help. We ensure full compliance with UK fire safety regulations and provide professional installation to keep your property safe.

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