For landlords and property managers, maintaining a fire alarm system in a House in Multiple Occupation (HMO) is not only a legal obligation but a matter of life safety. However, confusion often arises about how frequently these systems need to be tested, particularly for Grade D fire alarm systems, which are common in HMOs. Many assume that weekly checks are required, but this is a misconception.

The correct guidance for testing Grade D fire alarm systems is outlined in BS 5839-6:2019, the British Standard for fire detection and alarm systems in domestic premises. It states that Grade D systems should be tested monthly, not weekly. This distinction is crucial, as overburdening landlords and managers with unnecessary tasks can lead to inefficiencies and misallocation of resources.

Understanding Grade D Fire Alarm Systems

Grade D fire alarm systems consist of mains-powered smoke and heat alarms with a backup battery. They are typically interconnected, meaning activation of one alarm triggers all others in the system. These systems are commonly found in small HMOs, where their simplicity and cost-effectiveness make them suitable.

Official Guidance on Testing Frequency

According to BS 5839-6:2019, the recommended routine for Grade D systems is as follows:

• Monthly Testing: The responsible person (typically the landlord or property manager) should test the system once a month. This involves activating at least one alarm in the system to ensure proper functioning. The results should be recorded in a logbook, including the date, time, and any issues identified.
• Annual Servicing: The system should undergo a full inspection and service by a qualified professional at least once a year. This ensures the system remains compliant and effective.

It’s important to note that the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 (RRFSO), the LACORS Fire Safety Guide, and the Fire Safety Risk Assessment: Sleeping Accommodation do not mandate specific testing intervals for Grade D systems. Instead, these documents emphasize regular maintenance and defer to British Standards for detailed instructions.

Dispelling the Weekly Testing Myth

The belief that weekly testing is required for Grade D systems likely arises from confusion with higher-grade commercial systems, such as Grade A systems. Grade A systems, typically used in larger or higher-risk HMOs, do require weekly testing because of their complexity and critical role in high-occupancy environments. Applying this standard to Grade D systems creates unnecessary workload and fosters incorrect compliance practices.

Why Monthly Testing Makes Sense

Monthly testing strikes a balance between ensuring functionality and maintaining practicality. It reflects the lower risk and simpler design of Grade D systems compared to commercial-grade systems. Over-testing can lead to tenant disruption, increased maintenance costs, and burnout for landlords, while under-testing could lead to non-compliance and potential safety risks.

Conclusion

For a Grade D fire alarm system in a 6-bed HMO, monthly testing is the correct requirement under BS 5839-6:2019. Misunderstanding this can lead to unnecessary effort and confusion. Landlords and property managers should review the British Standards, follow the monthly testing schedule, and document all activities in a logbook. Ensuring compliance not only meets legal obligations but also guarantees the safety of tenants and the proper functioning of fire alarm systems.

If you need HMO Management, contact us today — we’re here to help you stay compliant, safe, and stress-free.